CAS Workshop on Ecosystem Succession Theory and Practice of Ecological Restoration

深圳南山区天然森林群落多样性及演替现状评判研究

 汪殿蓓¹  暨淑仪²  陈飞鹏²  彭少麟¹

( ¹华南植物研究所，广州 510650；²华南农业大学生命科学学院，广州 510642) 

摘要：对南山区7个天然森林群落的物种多样性水平及组成结构进行分析，并与相邻的香港地区地带性森林群落――黄桐群落作比较。结果表明，依照亚热带及南亚热带森林群落演替规律，南山区天然林处于不同的演替发育阶段，但未达到稳定的顶极群落阶段：铁榄群落处于第三阶段，即以铁榄为主要优势种、马尾松为第二优势种的针阔混交林；密花树群落处于第四阶段，以密花树为主的常绿阔叶林；其余5个群落处于演替的第五阶段，这5个群落均以中生性树种为优势种，但群落中阳生性树种还占有一定优势，属于以中生性树种为主的偏中生常绿阔叶林。各群落的物种多样性呈现出随着顺向演替的进行，群落物种多样性水平逐渐升高的规律；处于同一演替阶段的群落由于干扰强度不同，其物种多样性水平会出现波动，本研究采用群落10个主要种的重要值百分率之和来衡量群落所受的干扰强度。这些群落与香港黄桐群落相比，物种多样性水平大大偏低，这一方面与群落所处的演替发育阶段有关，在南亚热带地区，组成稳定的地带性群落较之处于发育阶段、结构不稳定的群落，其多样性水平高；另一方面与两个地区对森林的管理行为有关，南山区天然森林群落长期未得到合理的保护和管理，致使林分结构简单，多样性水平较低，必须尽快采取相应措施加以保护和恢复，以促进森林群落的可持续发展。

关键词：天然森林群落；物种多样性；物种组成；群落演替；南山区；香港

 Species diversity and evaluation of succession situation of natural forest communities in Nanshan District, Shenzheng City 

Wang Dianpei¹  Ji Shuyi²  Chen Feipeng²  Peng Shaolin¹

(¹South China institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; ²the life science college, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)

Abstract: Based on data of plots, studies on species diversity of seven subtropical natural forest communities in south China were conducted.  Special attention has been paid to compositions and ecological characteristics of species.  A comparison has been made between them and Hong Kong zonal forest.  According to succession process of subtropical forest, we speculated that seven forest communities were at various stages, and have not reached the climax.  Sinosideroxylon community was at third stage, when subtropical conifer and evergreen broad-leaved mixed forests were dominated by sunny broad-leaved species.  Myrsine Community was at fourth stage, when subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests were dominated by sunny broad-leaved species.  The others were at fifth stage, when partial mesophilous evergreen broad-leaved forests were dominated by mesophilous species.  Species diversity of plant communities increased with the succession, and diversity indices of different communities at the same succession stage fluctuated due to the disturbance, which was measured by the total of importance values percentage of sunny species in 10 main species.  Due to succession stage and different forest management and conservation, the species diversity of seven communities in south China were significantly lower than Endospermum community in Hong Kong.  In subtropical area, the species diversity of stable zonal community was higher than that of those not-stable communities being developing stage.  In addition to, Nanshan forest communities have not been protected and managed for years in contrast to Endospermum community.  The degradation of habit, loss of water and soil and disappearance of rare species, and so on, could cause the decline of species diversity and simplicity of community structure. Current situation of natural forest communities urged us to take actions to protect and restore these forest communities as soon as possible.

Key words: plant species diversity; subtropical natural forest; species composition; sunny species; mesophilous species; Nanshan District; Hong Kong 

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