CAS Workshop on Ecosystem Succession Theory and Practice of Ecological Restoration

黄土区大型露天煤矿废弃地植被恢复过程中的植被动态研究[1] 

郝蓉¹  白中科²  赵景逵 ²  宋艳暾³  彭少麟¹

（¹中国科学院华南植物研究所，广州　5106500；²山西农业大学，山西，030801；³中山大学，广州　510275）

 摘要：生境再造与植被恢复是黄土区露天矿生态重建的核心，其中植被恢复是生态重建的保证。本文以我国平朔安太堡露天煤矿为例，采用野外调查、统计分析相结合的方法， 对1985--2001年矿区植被恢复过程中的植被动态进行研究。结果表明：该区的人工植被经过演变，植物种的组成发生较大变化，由单一的物种组成结构逐渐发展为复杂的物种组成结构，并逐渐趋于动态的平衡。通过比较同一植物在不同生境和不同配置模式下的生长情况，以及它们之间的相互影响，得出该区人工植被的较好模式为：刺槐×油松×柠条，刺槐×油松，刺槐×沙棘，刺槐纯林。首次运用多样性指数、生态优势度、均匀度，对该区主要复垦植被群落进行分析，进一步预测了人工植被的演替方向：刺槐林→­­­­­­­­­­­­­­刺槐林；沙棘­­­­­­­­­­­­­­林→沙棘林；沙棘×刺槐→­­­­­­­­­刺槐；刺槐×油松→刺槐×油松；刺槐×油松×柠条→­­­­­­刺槐×油松×柠条。本文的研究结果对破坏地区的生态恢复和人工植被的建设与管理有一定的指导作用。

关键词：植被动态；植被恢复；废弃地；大型露天煤矿；黄土区

 Study of vegetation dynamic during plant rehabilitation in degraded mined land of large opencast coal mine within loess area 

Hao Rong¹  Bai Zhongke²  Zhao Jinkui²  Song Yantun³  Peng Shaolin¹

(¹South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; ²Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi 030801, China; ³ZhongShan University, Guangzhou 510275, China) 

Abstract: Habitat reconstruction and plant rehabilitation are ecology reconstruction’s cores in Opencast Coal Mine within Loess Areas, in this course plant rehabilitation is guarantee. This article takes Pingshou Antaibao as our study subject. Applying field investigation、statistical analysis ,this article studies Vegetation dynamic during plant rehabilitation from 1985~2001 years. The results show: the artificial vegetation and components of plants in this area has been greatly changed. The plant components had developed from simple to complex to dynamic equilibrium. By comparing the same plant’s growths states in different habitat and deployed models and influence each other, this article attain some successful models of artificial vegetation: robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis and caragana korshinskii; robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis; robinia pseudoacacia and hippophae rhamnoides;single robinia pseudoacacia. Firstly applying Shannon—Wiener, Simpson, Pw, analysis rehabilitated plant in Degraded Mined Land, and foresee the succession direction of artificial vegetation: robinia pseudoacacia to robinia pseudoacacia; hippophae rhamnoides to hippophae rhamnoides; hippophae rhamnoides and robinia pseudoacacia to robinia pseudoacacia; robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis to robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis; robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis and caragana korshinskii to robinia pseudoacacia and pinus tabulaeformis and caragana korshinskii; In sum, this article has great instructive values to land reclamation and ecology reconstruction in Degraded Mined Land.

Key words: vegetation dynamic; vegetation rehabilitation; degraded mined land; large opencast coal mine; loess area

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