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CAS Workshop on Ecosystem Succession Theory and Practice of Ecological Restoration 中亚热带南缘退化生态系统植被恢复早期的群落特征 柳江 （中国科学院华南植物研究所，广州 510650） 摘要：以福建省西部中亚热带南缘典型退化红壤地区的一系列不同恢复阶段的封育森林群落为研究对象，对退化生态系统植被恢复早期的群落特征进行了研究。采用自适应通用模型对先锋优势种群马尾松的优势度增长规律进行描述，结果表明林分胸高断面积最大增长速率为1.5606m2·hm-2·a-1，时间在19年左右，环境容量为37.8865m2·hm-2；通过区系排队，各恢复阶段群落大致可以区分为以乌饭，黄瑞木和檵木为代表的三种类型；运用各种多样性指数测定的结果一致地显示了植被恢复过程中物种增长的趋势，但指数数值相对较小，变动幅度不大，与保存良好的福建省建溪流域甜槠林生物多样性的比较结果显示出该地区物种多样性总体上不高，增长速度较慢；生态位研究的结果表明生态位宽度较窄的种群比例较大，种群对资源的利用还不完全，同时大多数物种间存在生态位重叠，对资源的利用方式表现出相似性。通过对该退化地区森林恢复动态的研究，揭示了以封育为主要方式的植被恢复过程早期的群落发展规律，对于采取适当的人工促进措施以创造良性发展的内在机制，加快植被恢复提供了理论依据。
关键词：中亚热带；红壤；植被恢复 Characteristics
of communities at early stage of vegetation restoration in degraded
red-soil region in the south of mid-subtropical zone Liu Jiang(South
China Institution of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
510650, China) Abstract: The research
on community structure and function in vegetation restoration
process has important significance in theory and practice. In this
paper, the characteristics of vegetation restoration were analyzed
by studying a series of sealed forest communities with different
ages. The increase of dominance of Pinus
massoniana population can be well simulated with Liu’s ccommon
models, which indicated the highest increasing speed is 1.5606m2·hm-2·a-1,
appearing in the 19th years and the environment capacity is 37.8865m2·hm-2.
Regarding importance value as quantitative factor, sealed forest
communities were classified by floristic classification, which
showed that the communities can be classified as three types,
dominated by Vaccinium bracteatum, Adinandra
millettii, and Loropetalum
chinensis population respectively. Plant species diversity in
the restoration series were measured by different diversity indices
and all results indicated that richness and diversity increased with
restoration time, but the index values are all in a low lever, with
a relatively small fluctuating range, which reflected the low speed
of increase; With the importance value, the niche characteristics
were studied. Niche breadth of most populations is narrow,
suggesting the situation that the resources are not utilized
completely. On the other hand, there are prevalent niche overlaps
among populations, which indicated the similar way of making use of
resources. The study on restoration characteristics of forest
communities in typical red soil region in the south of mid-tropical
zone affirmed active effect in vegetation restoration caused by
sealing management, and offered some useful principles for creating
a benign restoration mechanism.
Key
words: mid-subtropical zone;
red soil; vegetation restoration
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