Contact Sino-Eco Webmaster
|
CAS Workshop on Ecosystem Succession Theory and Practice of Ecological Restoration 人工湿地净化炼油废水的效益研究[1] 夏汉平1
柯宏华2
邓钊平2
谭鹏2
刘世忠1 （1中国科学院华南植物研究所恢复生态学研究中心，广州
510650；2中国石油化工股份有限公司茂名分公司，广东茂名 525011） 摘要：来自茂名石化公司的炼油废水含有高浓度的有机与无机污染物，未经处理不能直接排放。4种草本植物，香根草、芦苇、宽叶香蒲、蒲草被用来测试建植人工湿地的效果以及所建植的人工湿地净化炼油废水的效果。起初，人工湿地对炼油废水的净化效率很高，它们对第一批高浓度废水中氨氮、COD、BOD和油的去除率分别是97.7%、78.2%、91.4%
and 95.3%，对第一批低浓度污水中氨氮、COD、BOD和油类的去除率分别是97.1%、71.5%、73.7%和89.8%。但是，随着时间的推移，湿地的净化效果会有一定程度的下降。湿地对氨氮、COD、BOD和油类的去除效率始终表现为氨氮＞油类＞BOD＞COD。湿地建植之初，植物的净化功能很弱，但随植物的生长和生物量的增加而增强。然而，不同植物种对废水的净化率非常很接近，基本上无显著性差异。被测试的4种植物在污水湿地中的生长表现都好过在清水湿地中的，但前3个种在高浓度废水的分蘖数比在低浓度的污水少些，而蒲草相反，表明高浓度污水相对于低浓度污水而言已经对前面3个种产生了毒害，却仍促进蒲草生长。在清水培养阶段，香根草的分蘖形成速度是4个种中最低的，但在污水阶段，它开始上升，而其他3种的分蘖速度则明显下降，这意味着香根草对恶劣环境的适宜性可能比其他3个种更强。 关键词：人工湿地；废水处理；生物净化；炼油废水 Effectiveness of
constructed wetlands for oil-refined wastewater treatment Xia Hanping1 Ke
Honghua2 Deng
Zhaoping2 Tang
Peng2 Liu
Shizhong1 (1South China Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; 2Maoming Petro-Chemical Company, China Petro-Chemical Corporation, Maoming, Guangdong 525011, China) Abstract: Wastewater produced from the oil refinery of the Maoming
Petro-Chemical Company, China Petro-Chemical Corporation contains
high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, therefore
it cannot be discharged directly into river or sea unless being
treated first. Four plant
species, Vetiveria zizanioides, Phragmites
australis, Typha latifolia,
and Lepironia
articulata were
planted in large containers as simulated constructed wetland to test
their efficiencies in the
purification of oil refined wastewater and their growth in wetlands
soaked with oil refined wastewater. The purifying rates of
constructed wetlands for oil
refinery wastewater were all very high at the beginning, which removed 97.7% of ammoniac N, 78.2% of COD,
91.4% of BOD, and 95.3% of oil in the first batch of
highly-concentrated wastewater (HCW), and 97.1% of ammoniac N, 71.5%
of COD, 73.7% of BOD, and 89.8% of oil in
the first batch of low-concentrated wastewater (LCW). But the
performance of wetlands was reduced as time passed. The efficiency
of wetlands in removing the pollutants was always in order of
ammoniac N > oil > BOD > COD. In the beginning, the
purifying function of plants was quite weak, but it gradually increased with the acceleration of plants growth and increase
of biomass. However, there was almost no significant difference in
the removal efficiencies between the four species. The four
tested species produced better growth in wetlands with HCW or LCW
than with clean water, but the tiller number of Vetiveria
zizanioides, Phragmites
australis, Typha latifolia
in HCW were fewer than those in LCW, on the contrary to L.
articulata , inferring that HCW might damage these three
species, and promoted the growth of L.
articulata. During the period of clean water cultivation, the
new tiller producing rate of V.
zizanioides was the lowest among the four species, but it
gradually rose during the period of treatment water soak, while the
tiller-producing rates of the other three species were distinctly
lowered, suggesting that V.
zizanioides might have a stronger adaptation to the harsh
environment than other species tested in the experiment. Key words: constructed
wetland; wastewater treatment; phytoremediation; oil-refined
wastewater
| ||||||||||||||
