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CAS Workshop on Ecosystem Succession Theory and Practice of Ecological Restoration 塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘自然植被恢复的生态学基础 李小明1
张希明2 （1山东大学环境科学与工程学院，济南，250100；2中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，830011） 摘要：塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘（以下简称塔南）是我国土地沙漠化最严重的地区之一，其主要原因是因为塔南绿洲边缘的自然植被遭到严重破坏。自然植被的恢复有赖于对主要植被类型生物学特性的了解，我们在1998-2001年在位于塔南策勒绿洲边缘进行的中国——欧盟合作研究项目（ERBIC18CT980275），目的是探索塔南绿洲边缘自然植被可持续管理的生态学基础。通过对几种优势植物水分关系、光合作用、以及群落特性等方面的综合研究，得出了以下结论：1）、塔南绿洲边缘的自然植被皆为隐域性植被，主要优势种为：胡杨；柽柳（spp）；骆驼刺；芦苇；这种植被是依靠河流的地表水而发生，依靠河流地下水补给而生存；2）、由于绿洲农业用水的增加，完全破坏后的自然植被已无自然恢复的可能性，必须使用人工辅助方法进行恢复；3）、塔南绿洲边缘主要优势植物水分关系和光合作用研究结果表明，依赖地下水生存的几种植物在整个生长季节没有发生严重的水分胁迫，保护和恢复绿洲边缘自然植被的必要条件是保持地下水位的相对稳定，禁止对地下水的过度开采。 关键词：塔克拉玛干沙漠；自然植被；恢复；水分关系；光合作用 Ecological basis on restoration of natural
vegetation in the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert Li Xiaoming1
Zhang Ximing2 (1School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan
250100, China; 2Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and
Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China) Abstract:
The Southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert is one of the most
severe desertification areas in China. The major reason is because
the natural vegetation, at the fringe of oases in the southern
margin of the Taklimakan Desert, has been seriously destroyed by
people. The restoration of natural vegetation depends on the
understanding of biological characteristics of natural vegetation. A
China-EU joint project aimed at ecological basis for a sustainable
management of natural vegetation in the southern margin of the
Taklimakan Desert. The water relations, photosynthesis and community
features of few dominant plant species were studied in this joint
project. The results indicated: 1) The natural vegetation in the
southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert belongs to intrazonal
vegetation, which generates with river flood, and lives on the
groundwater. The dominant species are Populus euphratica, Tamarix spp., Alhagi sparsifolia and Phragmites
communis. 2). It is now no possibility for natural restoration
of natural vegetation at the fringe of oases in the southern margin
of the Taklimakan Desert, because most of water has been used for
irrigating crops; 3). The results on water relations and
photosynthesis of some dominant plants indicated that there were no
water stress for some dominant plants lived on groundwater during
all growing seasons, which showed it is necessary to maintain
relative stability of groundwater table for protecting and restoring
natural vegetation in the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert. Key words:
The Taklimakan Desert; natural vegetation; restoration; water
relations; photosynthesis
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